Wall of Grief: Putin opens first Soviet victims memorial
President Vladimir Putin has unveiled Russia's first monument to people killed in political repression under Communist dictator Joseph Stalin.
At least 750,000 people were executed and millions deported or imprisoned under Stalin's rule from the 1920s to the 1950s in the Soviet Union.
Mr Putin said seeing the era clearly would help "prevent it being repeated."
But critics accused him of continuing political repression and "crushing civil freedoms".
Wall of Grief: Russia remembers victims of Soviet repression
A group of dissidents from the Soviet era wrote to a news website that they considered the event to be "untimely and cynical".
Stalin's victims
- Millions died under Joseph Stalin, who ruled the Soviet Union from 1929 to 1953
- Victims died in deportations, famine, forced collectivisation, executions and in prison camps
- At least 750,000 people were executed during Great Terror of 1937-38
- Millions were sent to Gulag labour camps
The artist behind the Wall of Grief piece, Georgy Frangulyan, told the BBC that the memorial was not "normal, representative art" but "an expression of feelings, of fear and alarm".
The work is made up of jagged human forms with no faces, and shaped like a scythe.
At the opening ceremony, Mr Putin said: "An unequivocal and clear assessment of the repression will help to prevent it being repeated."
"This terrible past must not be erased from our national memory and cannot be justified by anything."
- Soviet leader who killed tens of millions
- New plaques mark Stalin's victims
- Gulag museum recreates Soviet terror
- Memories of Ukraine's silent massacre
Last year, the UK Foreign Office reported a "crackdown on civil society" in Russia. A spokeswoman for Russia's foreign ministry said the report was not objective.
In June, President Vladimir Putin warned that Russia's enemies were "demonising" Stalin excessively.
Under his rule, the Soviet victory over the Nazis has become central to a new ideology of Russian greatness.
